What is blood pressure tallaght university hospital. The main objective of the journal is to set a forum for publication, education, and exchange of opinions, and to promote research and publications globally. Factors that affects blood pressure flashcards quizlet. The usual treatment is drugs, and there are some dietary strategies, especially cutting down on salt and fat. The issue opens with a consensus document produced by the working group on obesity, diabetes and the high risk patient of the european society of hypertension regarding the pathogenesis of obesityinduced. Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels. A certain amount of pressure is required to keep the blood flowing throughout the body. With age, sometimes the resistance and the amount of stiffness that the blood vessels and arteries have can change. Factors that affect blood pressure default store view.
Because the blood now has a larger area within the vessel, the blood pressure drops. Many people are surprised to know that protein can affect blood sugar levels, too. Free blood pressure chart and printable blood pressure log. If youre diagnosed with high blood pressure, you should monitor your blood pressure regularly. Blood pressure usually varies from person to person and there are different factors that influence bp. The rate of shell valve movement rose and the rate of heart beat fell when the foot was extended. No matter which device is used to measure blood pressure, it must be recognised that blood pressure is a variable haemodynamic phenomenon, which is influenced by many factors, not least. Factors affecting the heart activity and blood pressure of. Eating habits and lifestyle can be a major reason behind affecting the normal pressure level in life. The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including. The world health organization who states worldwide, raised blood 1 pressure is estimated to cause 7. Maintaining an awareness of your numbers can alert you to any changes and help you detect patterns. Alakija2 1department of physiology and 2department of community health, faculty of medicine, university of benin, and university of benin teaching hospital, benin city, nigeria. Since normal blood pressure levels can change with age, weight, height and many other factors, you should consult your doctor or caregiver to determine your appropriate target blood pressure, which can be entered into.
However, there is more to the issue than salt and stress. Too much alcohol consumption more than 1 to 2 drinks per day stress. There are many types, including coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure. Physiology of circulation boundless anatomy and physiology. If youre an adult and your systolic pressure is 120 to 129, and your diastolic pressure is less than 80, you have elevated blood pressure. Terms in this set 19 what are the 4 main factors affecting blood pressure.
This can lead to hypertension, or high blood pressure, over time. Chemical factors blood gases, the most important one being the oxygen supply hypoxia and decreasing in oxygen tension fall in po 2. To understand how vessel elasticity, blood volume, and cardiac output affect blood pressure. Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing high blood pressure. Losing even 10 pounds can lower your blood pressureand losing weight has the biggest effect on those. High blood pressure tends to run in families and is more likely to affect. The pressure originates in the contraction of the heart, which forces blood out of the heart and into the blood vessels. Part i aspects of measurement of blood pressure common to technique and. Blood pressure fact sheets american heart association. Factors affecting blood pressure describe cardiac output co as co increases exercise bp increases. This combination raises your risk of heart disease and stroke. Factors affecting blood pressure and heart rate purpose. The systolic pressure is the higher value typically around 120 mm hg and reflects the arterial pressure resulting from the ejection of blood during.
As you go through this topic, keep in mind this flow chart, which outlines the factors affecting blood pressure. Learn how high blood pressure affects your body and what makes you more likely to. Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of arteries. What is blood pressure blood pressure is the force pressure that the blood exerts inside the arteries blood vessel walls. Background in recent years there has been increasing evidence of an association between residential remoteness and hypertension htn. This has been observed in a variety of conditions, including malignant hypertension, chronic renal failure, several types of secondary hypertension, preeclampsia. You may reuse this information excluding logos free of charge in any format. An important topic, upon which an initial group of articles are focused, is that of the factors influencing blood pressure levels. When theres a greater volume of fluid, more fluid presses against the walls of arteries resulting in a higher pressure. Alcohol can affect sugar levels for up to several hours after stopping drinking.
Do ip exercises factors that affect blood pressure and arterial baroreceptor reflex pgs. The pressure head aortic pressure minus coronary sinus pressure 3. Age the older you are, the more likely you are to get high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes lowers highdensity lipoprotein hdl, or good cholesterol levels and raises lowdensity lipoprotein ldl, or bad cholesterol levels. Tracking your results over time will also reveal if the changes youve made are working. There are several factors that can affect a patients blood pressure. Learn more about type 2 diabetes obesity is linked to higher triglyceride levels, higher ldl cholesterol levels, and lower hdl cholesterol levels. Alcohol causes the blood vessels in the arms and legs, known as the peripheral vascular system, to dilate, or get bigger. To analyze the factors that may affect heart rate and blood pressure. When you run or walk fast the heart will beat faster and the blood pressure will rise. Here are six reasonssome of them unexpectedthat may explain a high blood pressure reading. Isolated systolic hypertensionthis is the most common form. Sarah khair id 26369281 sarah khair id 26369281 abstract 1 investigating various factors that influences heart rate and blood pressure.
Cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. Physiology of blood vessels and blood pressure online. The rate of heart beat increased with temperature and was three times as high in the active as in the inactive animal. Any hypoxic situation will be promptly followed by an increase in blood flow. Factors that can raise your risk of developing high blood pressure include. Blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance anatomy and. Evaluation of the distribution and factors affecting blood. Proteins affect sugar levels as well as carbohydrates, but to less of an extent and more slowly than carbs. Factors which affect the peripheral resistance are the arteriolar radius, blood viscosity, and vessel structure. Pdf the effect of clothes on blood pressure measurement. If you are concerned about how drinking may affect your health, check with your healthcare professional. Comp lete the worksheets in todays lab concerning blood pressure and heart rate pgs.
The normal diurnal rhythm of blood pressure is disturbed in some hypertensive individuals, with loss of the normal nocturnal fall of pressure. High blood pressure is considered a silent epidemic, as many people have it but dont know it. Resistance in peripheral circulation is used as a measure of this factor. Principles and techniques of blood pressure measurement. There was also a highly statistically significant difference regarding factors of. In fact, your blood pressure rises as your body weight increases.
Some medical conditions can raise your risk for high blood pressure, but you can take steps to lower your risk by changing the factors you can control. High blood pressure can cause serious problems like strokes and heart attacks, but you may not have any symptoms. Aims to evaluate factors affecting heidelberg retinal flowmeter hrf measurements of retinal and optic nerve head blood flow in human subjects. Factors that affect blood pressure choose a or b for the following conditions listed below. So, if the reading is above or below the normal blood pressure, then it signifies that its time for you to visit a. Ask your doctor to write down for you your blood pressure numbers and your blood pressure goal level. Phy2042 sarah khair 26369281 sarah khair id 26369281. If the blood pressure is too low, it is called hypotension. If flow is impaired through increased resistance then blood pressure must increase, so blood pressure is often used as a test for circulatory. Our free blood pressure chart and blood pressure log allow you to track your blood pressure, aiding you in being aware of and gaining control over your blood pressure and health. When systemic arterial blood pressure is measured, it is recorded as a ratio of two numbers e.
The effect of clothes on blood pressure measurement article pdf available in pakistan journal of medical sciences online 331 february 2017 with 305 reads how we measure reads. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of residential remoteness, as measured by road network distance and elevation, and lifestyle. As we age, our blood vessels gradually lose some of their elastic quality, which can contribute to increased blood pressure. Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of mercury mmhg and is recorded as two numberssystolic pressure as the heart beats over diastolic pressure as the heart relaxes between beatsfor example, 80 mmhg. Goals to understand the factors that affect peripheral resistance, and therefore blood pressure. Blood pressure is defined as the lateral pressure exerted on the vessel wall by column of flowing blood or it is also termed as end arterial pressure. Blood pressure cuff is too small 1,3,4 it is extremely important to make sure the proper size blood pressure cuff is used on your upper arm when taking a measurement. Food, alcohol, tiredness and stress can all impact blood glucose levels. High blood pressure affects more than one in four adults in england, and is the. High blood pressure is the most common cause of preventable death in the world. Changes you can make to manage high blood pressure. Risk factors that can increase your risk of high blood pressure include health conditions, your lifestyle, and your family history. A condition in which the blood pressure is considerably above normal is called hypertension. Today, more than 50% of isolated aortic valve failures, leading to aortic valve replacement, are due to.
Know your risk factors for high blood pressure american. The most affecting factors were cuff size, cuff over clothes, resting 35 minutes, emotional status, talking during measurement p. Please monitor and record your blood pressure at home for 7 consecutive days unless you have. The three factors that contribute to blood pressure are resistance, blood viscosity, and blood vessel diameter. In fact, most blood pressure measurement errors occur by not taking the time to determine if the patients arm circumference falls within the range indicators on the cuff. Home blood pressure diary british hypertension society. These factors include sympathetic stimulation, the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, and increased calcium ion levels. Family history if your parents or other close blood relatives have high blood pressure, theres an increased chance that youll get it, too.
Nonetheless, it is possible for a blood pressure reading to be inaccurate. As the radius of the artery decreases, the peripheral resistance increases and so does the arterial pressure. A stressful situation can cause a dramatic, temporary spike in your blood pressure. High blood pressure is a systolic pressure of or higher,or a diastolic pressure of 80 or higher, that stays high over time. Posture affects blood pressure, with a general tendency for it to decrease when a. Common hereditary and physical risk factors for high blood pressure include. Research methods in clinical physiology sarah khair id 26369281 hypertension is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases worldwide and is influenced by a whole range of factors related to an. Alcohol is a drug and consuming too much can have negative effects on the body and is one of the factors affecting heart rate. Any factor that causes cardiac output to increase, by elevating heart rate or stroke volume or both, will elevate blood pressure and promote blood flow.
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